Fudzsivara no Teika

Fudzsivara no Teika
Egy portré Teikáról, készítette: Fudzsivara no Nobuzane, a Kamakura-korszakban
Született	1162 Kiotó, Japán
Elhunyt	1241. szeptember 26. Kiotó, Japán
Állampolgársága	japán
Gyermekei	Fujiwara no Tameie
Szülei	Bifukumonin no Kaga Fudzsivara no Tosinari
Foglalkozása	nyelvész waka poet kalligráfus író regényíró
Sírhelye	Sókoku-dzsi
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Fudzsivara Szadaie, ismertebb nevén Fudzsivara no Teika^[1] (1162 – 1241. szeptember 26.) japán költő, kritikus,^[2] kalligráfus, novellaíró,^[3] írnok,^[4] és a késő Heian és korai Kamakura időszakok tudósa. Óriási hatása volt, a legnagyobb japán költők között tartják számon^[5] és az 5 sorból és 31 szótagból álló ősi költészeti forma, a vaka legnagyobb mestere. Teika kritikai gondolatai a költészeti alkotásokról nagy hatást gyakoroltak és egészen a Meidzsi-korszakig kutatták őket.

Egy költőnemzetség tagjaként, a neves költő Fudzsivara no Shunzei gyermekeként született. Miután a nyugalmazott császár, Go-Toba (ur. 1183–1198)^[6] felfigyelt rá, Teika megkezdte hosszú és kiváló karrierjét, amely több esztétikai korszakon is átívelt. Go-Tobával való kapcsolata eleinte szívélyes volt és antológiák összeállításához vezetett, de később Teika száműzetéséhez vezetett. Az ő leszármazottai és eszméi domináltak még évszázadokig a klasszikus japán költészetben.

1. ↑ "Sadaie" and "Teika" are both possible readings of 定家; "...there is the further problem, the rendition of the name in romanized form. Teika probably referred to himself as Sadaie, and his father probably called himself Toshinari, but the Sino-Japanese versions of their names were used by their contemporaries, and this practice is still observed." pg 681–692, note 2 of Seeds in the Heart: Japanese Literature from Earliest Times to the Late Sixteenth Century, Donald Keene. 1999, Columbia University Press, ISBN 0-231-11441-9
2. ↑ "The high quality of poetic theory (karon) in this age depends chiefly upon the poetic writings of Fujiwara Shunzei and his son Teika. The other theorists of tanka writing, stimulated by father and son either to agreement or disagreement, contributed also toward the high level of poetic theory, but we may say that Shunzei and Teika were most representative of the age." This quote is sourced to Odagiri Hideo in pg 10 of his "Nihon ni okeru bungei hyōron no seiritsu" (The Rise of Art Criticism in Japan), pub. by Geijutsuron-shū ("Collection of Discussions of Art"), Tokyo 1962; see Shun'ichi H. Takayanagi's review of Japanese Court Poetry by Robert H. Brower and Earl Miner in Monumenta Nipponica, Vol. 18, No. 1/4. (1963), pp. 352–364. [1]
3. ↑ It is generally believed that Teika wrote the Tale of Matsura
4. ↑ "During his last years Teika seems to have composed little poetry, but he was otherwise engaged in copying manuscripts, especially of the major works of Heian literature. It is not much of an exaggeration to say that what we know of the literature of Teika's day and earlier is mainly what he thought was worthy of preservation" pg 673–674 of Seeds in the Heart.
5. ↑ "The single most influential figure in the history of Japanese classical poetry, Fujiwara no Teika (or Sadaie) 1162–1241, was the supreme arbiter of poetry in his day, and for centuries after his death was held in religious veneration by waka and renga poets alike." Robert H. Brower. Monumenta Nipponica, Vol. 40, No. 4. (Winter, 1985), pp. 399–425. [2]).
   • Charles Murray, in his Human Accomplishment, ranks Teika as the 17th most influential figure in all of Japanese literature based on his analysis of academic research on Japanese literature. "Fujiwara no Teika....is one of the four greatest Japanese poets. The son of Shunzei, Teika lived to an advanced age constantly plagued by both recurring illness and reverses and advances in his family's fortunes. Similarly, his poetry and critical writings also underwent a series of changes in the course of his life, leaving behind the most substantial and intense poetic legacy by a single poet in Japanese history."[3] Archiválva 2015. szeptember 24-i dátummal a Wayback Machine-ben
   • "Teika's unique reputation rested in part upon his accomplishment as the leading figure among the many fine poets of the Shinkokin Jidai, the period of fifty-odd years in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries when revival and innovation in the native poetry were exemplified in Shin Kokinshū, c. 1204, the eighth, and in many respects the greatest, of the imperially sponsored anthologies of classical verse. As one of the six compilers of the anthology, and with forty-six of his poems included in it, Teika stood at the forefront of the younger and more innovative poets of his day, and his various experiments with diction, rhetoric, and figurative language, as well as with new styles, modes, and aesthetic effects, were widely imitated by his contemporaries. After his death, his quarreling descendants were recognized as the ultimate authorities on all poetic matters, and through them Teika's influence pervaded six hundred years of Japanese poetic history." Extract from "Fujiwara Teika's Maigetsusho" by Robert H. Brower, Monumenta Nipponica, Vol. 40, No. 4. (Winter, 1985), pp. 399–425.
   • Donald Keene writes, "...is the diary of Fujiwara Teika (1162–1241), a man equally celebrated as poet, critic, and editor." pg 95, Keene 1989
6. ↑ pg 7 of Brower 1972